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Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

PTSD is an anxiety disorder which can develop after being involved in or witnessing a traumatic event. It was first recognised in soldiers coming home from war and was called shell shock. After a traumatic event it is normal to experience some symptoms associated with PTSD. However if the symptoms last longer than a month then may be diagnosed with PTSD.

What causes PTSD?

The situations that we consider traumatic vary from person to person so something you that you do not consider traumatic may be very traumatic to someone else. Here are some harmful and life threatening events which can cause PTSD to develop:

  • being involved in a car crash
  • being violently attacked
  • being raped or sexually assaulted
  • being abused, harassed or bullied
  • being kidnapped
  • seeing others being hurt or killed
  • doing a job where you repeatedly see or hear details of a traumatic event
  • traumatic childbirth (where the mother or partner witnesses a traumatic birth)
  • extreme violence of war and military combat
  • surviving a terrorist attack
  • surviving a natural disaster
  • being diagnosed with a life-threatening conditoin
  • losing someone you are close to in a traumatic way
  • learning that someone close to you has been affected by traumatic events
  • any event where you fear for your life

Some people may be more vulnerable than others to developing PTSD. This can be because:

  • experiencing repeated trauma
  • having little or no support
  • dealing with extra stress at the time of the tramatic event
  • previously having anxiety or depression

Anyone can experience traumatic events but you are particularly likely to have experienced trauma if you:

  • work in a high risk job (police, paramedic, fireman)
  • are an asylum seeker or refugee
  • were taken into foster care

Take a look below to see the different symptoms caused by PTSD:

Reliving aspects of what happened

Reliving aspects of what happened

Reliving aspects of what happened

  • vivid flashbacks
  • intrusive thoughts or images
  • nightmares
  • intense distress at real or symbolic reminders of trauma
  • physical sensations such as pain, sweating, nausea or trembling

Alertness or feeling on edge

Reliving aspects of what happened

Reliving aspects of what happened

  • panicking when reminded of the trauma
  • being easily upset or angry
  • extreme alertness
  • disturbed sleep or lack of sleep
  • irritability or aggressive behaviour
  • finding it hard to concentrate
  • being jumpy or easily startled
  • self-destructive behaviour

Avoiding feelings or memories

Avoiding feelings or memories

Avoiding feelings or memories

  • feeling that you have to keep busy
  • avoiding anything that reminds you of the trauma
  • being unable to remember details of what happened
  • feeling emotionally numb or detached from your feelings
  • feeling physically numb or detached from your body
  • being unable to express affection
  • using alcohol or drugs to avoid memories

Difficult beliefs or feelings

Avoiding feelings or memories

Avoiding feelings or memories

  • feeling that you cannot trust anyone
  • feeling that nowhere is safe
  • feeling like nobody understands
  • blaming yourself for what happened
  • overwhelming feelings of anger, sadness, guilt or shame

Downloads

PTSD Fact Sheet (pdf)Download
PTSD - NIMH (pdf)Download
Mind PTSD 2018 (pdf)Download


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